Laboratory Equipment

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University of Kentucky Guidelines for the Use of 3D Printers.pdf

UL Safe Use of 3-D Printers

Scavenging System Safety Reminders

• Anesthesia machines should be certified at least every 2 years to ensure good working order. This certification date can be located on a certification vendor's sticker placed on the machine. If the machine's certification is missing or expired, find another machine to use and notify those in charge of the equipment. 

• Activated charcoal filters (scavenger cannisters) have finite life spans. The weight of each new scavenging cannister must be recorded before its first use. Before EACH use, the cannister's weight must be recorded, along with the date of use. Keep a log for this purpose next to the unit. In general, an increase in 50g from the original weight means the cannister should be replaced.

• To function properly, the scavenging cannister must be:
  1) Placed at a level below that of the machine
  2) Placed/suspended in an upright position, and
  3) Placed so that the holes on the bottom of the cannister are not blocked.

A log for use by the laboratory to document weekly flushes of eyewash hoses installed at the sinks can be accessed with UK Linblue credentials HERE.

General

The Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has adopted a modified version of the 1990 American National Standards Institute's Standard for emergency eyewash and safety shower equipment. OSHA requires: "Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive material, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for emergency use." The following outline the University's technical standards and preferences to provide safety equipment to meet this mandate:
 

• Plans and drawings must show location of safety shower and eyewash units; specifications must be provided for review & approval.

Physical Requirements for Emergency Safety Shower

• Emergency safety showers shall be located in an immediately accessible area within the laboratory unit or other work areas where the user shall not have to pass through a corridor door to reach the unit.
• Emergency safety showers shall be identified with a highly visible sign and a green cross located as an integral part of the floor directly under the shower.
• Safety showers installed in remote locations must be provided with an audible warning buzzer and visual alarm the audible and visual alarms shall be different than those used for fire, but the devices need not be larger or louder than those for fire alarms. The buzzer and visual alarm will be located above the door of the room with the shower. If feasible, an alternative alarm method connecting flow valves electronically to a twenty-four hour per day, seven days per week monitoring facility is preferred.

Physical Requirements for Emergency Eyewash Equipment
 

• Emergency eyewash equipment shall ensure that a controlled flow of potable water is provided to both eyes simultaneously at a velocity low enough not to be injurious to the user following, as a minimum, the guidelines of ANSI Z358.1-1990.
• Emergency eyewash units shall be located in an immediately accessible area within the laboratory unit or other work area where the user shall not have to pass through a door to reach the unit.
• Emergency eyewash shall be identified with a highly visible sign and if floor or wall mounted, provided with a green cross located as an integral part of the floor directly under the eyewash or on the wall directly behind the eyewash unit.
• There shall be no sharp projections anywhere in the operating area of the unit.
• The unit shall be located to provide enough room to allow the eyelids to be held open with the hands while the eyes are in the water stream.
• The control valve shall be designed so that the water flow remains in the on position without the use of the operator's hand and must remain open until manually shut off. The valve shall be large enough to be easily located and operated by the user.
   

Emergency eyewash and shower equipment must be installed in every lab that is provided with a fume hood. Laboratories sharing a common suite or area not separated by closed doors may find one emergency shower is sufficient but each lab unit must be equipped with an approved eyewash.

The OSHA& ANSI-compliant eyewash stations requirements:

• Must be on the premises in any workplace near where eye-hazard chemicals are used (e.g., GHS-SDS Categories 1 or 2a) 
• Provide 15 minutes of continuous washing at a rate of not less than 1.5 liters per minute (0.4 gpm).  
• Temperature control systems that keep the rinse water "tepid," defined as between 60°F- 100°F (16°C- 38°C).
• The system must only take a single movement on the part of the user to activate it and continue flushing without the need for the user to do anything additional to keep the water on.
   

Please contact the University of Kentucky Occupational Health and Safety Department for questions related to these guidelines at at (859)-257-2924.

Explosion-proof refrigerators are designed for use in an area where flammable vapors or gases may be present in the environment around the unit. They have sealed electrical equipment and junction boxes that eliminate ignition sources outside and inside the unit.  They must also be hard-wired into the buildings electrical system using approved methods. These units are usually quite expensive. Typical laboratory operations would not warrant an explosion proof refrigerator.

Flammable-safe refrigerators have specially designed interior parts to prevent flammable vapors or gases from contacting internal ignition sources. They are not approved for use in an environment where flammable vapors or gases may be present, because ignition sources on the exterior of the refrigerator may not be vapor-tight. These units are connected to an electrical outlet using a standard cord and plug assembly.

A chemical glovebox is a controlled environment work enclosure providing a primary barrier from the work area.  The operation is performed through sealed gloved openings to protect the worker, the ambient environment, and/or the product. 

Gloveboxes are critical for synthetic chemical processes and uses of pyrophoric, water-sensitive, or other highly reactive chemicals.

Glovebox Safety

Safe and prudent practice for glovebox users include performing daily checks to verify the operational condition of the glovebox. These checks include but are not limited to: 

• Integrity of gloves and seals 
• Condition of window, with focus on the areas of connection to the rest of the box 
• Vacuum pump lines, oil level, and pump filter
• Pressure gauges and indicators are functioning within acceptable ranges 
• Security of compressed gas cylinder lines and regulator fittings

• Condition of scrubber filters, if applicable These checks are to be noted in a user log, ideally located near to the relevant glovebox

   

Safety Reminders:

• Conspicuously label the glovebox with information about the type of permitted activities including any appropriate hazard warnings. 
• Be aware of the properties of chemicals shipped into the glovebox (water content, solvents, boiling point/evaporation rate). Know when a purge may be necessary. Evaluate the potential for unintended generated side products. 
• Jewelry on hands and wrists shall be removed before entering the glovebox. 
• Be mindful when entering the glovebox and use slow movements. Not only does this help preserve the gloves, it avoids over pressurization of the cabinet. 
• Keep gloves clean by wiping down after every use and/or by using disposable gloves. 
• All users shall be knowledgeable and trained on emergency response to power failure, loss of compressed air or leak, and compromised glove (and repair).

PI/Lab Supervisors are responsible for the following:

• All users shall receive documented training on the safe operation of the specific glovebox in use in the laboratory as well as the planned procedures within. Training documentation shall be kept in the Laboratory’s Lab Safety Manual (Chemical Hygiene Plan) and may be requested upon inspection of the laboratory. 

• Ensure daily checks are recorded in a log to be kept near the glovebox for user access. Maintenance, troubleshooting and service records for the glovebox shall also be retained. Ensure use of the glovebox is ceased when malfunctioning or repairs are needed.

   

Best practices also include:

• The Owners Manual for the glovebox is made available to all users 
• Include a record of the dates compressed gas cylinders are changed in the user log book
•  Performance of annual testing of the gloves or replacement of gloves 
• Regular periodic regeneration of catalysts 
• Regular scheduled inspection by a professional vendor

For more information, see Glovebox Safety.